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Autism is “a lifelong neurodevelopmental condition, the core features of which are persistent difficulties in social interaction and communication and the presence of stereotypical (rigid and repetitive) behaviours, resistance to change or restricted interests” . The way that autism is expressed in individual people differs at different stages of life. This Joint Strategic Needs Assessment (JSNA) will use the term ‘autism’ as an umbrella term for all such conditions, in line with the terminology adopted by key representative organisations such as the National Autistic Society. The chapter will focus on adults with autism however, as part of our understanding of the health and wellbeing needs of this group, the issues faced within childhood may be touched upon.